Which modality is often used in conjunction with surgery for colorectal cancer?

Radiation therapy is commonly utilized in conjunction with surgery for colorectal cancer, particularly in specific scenarios such as rectal cancer treatment. This combination aims to improve local control of the cancer and reduce the risk of recurrence. In cases where the tumor is locally advanced, preoperative radiation therapy may be recommended to shrink the tumor before surgical resection. It can also be employed postoperatively to eliminate any remaining cancer cells, especially if there is a high risk of recurrence based on pathological findings after surgery.

The use of radiation therapy can be particularly effective in rectal cancer because it helps to treat any disease that might not be visible or detectable during surgery. This modality specifically enhances the overall treatment outcomes when integrated into a multimodal approach, which often includes surgery and possibly chemotherapy.

In contrast, while chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy can also play essential roles in the management of colorectal cancer, they are not typically used in tandem with surgery to the same extent as radiation therapy. Chemotherapy may be given as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy depending on the case, but it does not have the same direct impact on local tumor control through physical effects as radiation therapy. Therefore, the integration of radiation is pivotal for certain patients with colorectal cancer who are undergoing