Hyperplasia is indicated by which of the following?

Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which leads to an enlargement of that particular area. This process can occur in response to various stimuli, such as hormonal changes or increased demand for function, and is a common physiological response.

In contrast, changes in cell type typically characterize differentiation or metaplasia rather than hyperplasia. An increase in cell size relates to hypertrophy, where individual cells become larger, but does not indicate an increase in cell quantity. Lastly, a decrease in cell size would be tied to atrophy, which signifies a reduction in cell numbers or volume, rather than an increase. Hence, the defining characteristic of hyperplasia is specifically the increase in cell numbers, highlighting the correct answer.